雅思閱讀技巧分享

　　想要閱讀速度，首先要知道文章中明顯或者不明顯的“邏輯信號”，它們在英語中又是如何表達(dá)的：

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧1：因果關(guān)系，看果

　　在文章當(dāng)中，“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)的內(nèi)容，往往是一段陳述或鋪墊，“所以”引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容，才是結(jié)論和總結(jié)。所以速覽時(shí)，我們可以暫且把“原因”的部分略過，先看“結(jié)果”的部分，從而減省把握文章的時(shí)間。

　　引出“原因”的常用表達(dá)：because,because of,as a result of,result of,due to,thanks

　　to,owing to,since,for,grateful for等，如：

　　“Since employees have different needs,what acts as a reinforcement for one

　　may not for another.”

　　(劍橋雅思6,Test 3,Reading Passage 2)

　　“Since”所在的前半句是原因，關(guān)鍵看后半句的結(jié)果(結(jié)論)。

　　引出“結(jié)果”的常用表達(dá)：so,therefore,hence,thus,result in,lead to,consequently,

　　as a result等，如：

　　“Such findings suggest that one person’s equity is another’s inequity,so

　　an ideal should probably weigh different inputs and outcomes according to

　　employee group.”

　　(劍橋雅思6,Test 3,Reading Passage 2)：看“so”所在的后半句;

　　“Speech is often unclear and ambiguous.Where possible,therefore,the

　　recording has to be supplemented by the observer’s written comments on the

　　non-verbal behaviours of the participants,and about the context in

　　general.”

　　(劍橋雅思4,Test 3,Reading Passage 3)：看“therefore”所在的第二句。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧2：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，看但是!

　　“讓步”的內(nèi)容再豪華，都敵不過一個(gè)“但是”。這個(gè)道理很顯淺，就不多作解釋了。而瀏覽文章時(shí)，我們就可以暫且只看“轉(zhuǎn)折”部分的內(nèi)容。反之，遇到“讓步”的內(nèi)容，我們則可暫時(shí)忽略不看。

　　(1)常見表“轉(zhuǎn)折”的說法

　　常見表“轉(zhuǎn)折”的說法還有：but，however，nevertheless，yet，nonetheless等，如：

　　“Down the centuries,thousands of wells were constructed throughout

　　northwestern India,but the majority have now fallen into disuse…”

　　(劍橋雅思10,Test 1,Reading Passage 1)：無論前面說了什么，也改變不了“the majority(of

　　wells)”被棄用的現(xiàn)實(shí)。顯然在轉(zhuǎn)折詞“but”之后。

　　(2)引導(dǎo)“讓步”的常用說法

　　引導(dǎo)“讓步”的常用說法有：whereas，although，though，while，whereas，despite，in spite of，for

　　all等，如：

　　“Where as most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance,

　　plyometrics focuses on increasing power–the rate at which an athlete can

　　expend energy.”

　　(劍橋雅思4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1)

　　“whereas”所在的半句為讓步狀語從句，看另一個(gè)半句(轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容)。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧3：遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，看后句

　　所謂遞進(jìn)，即前后保持一致意見的情況下，后者在態(tài)度和語氣上更進(jìn)一步。故，讀懂后者，即可得知前者。速覽文章時(shí)，先讀遞進(jìn)后面的內(nèi)容。

　　常見表達(dá)“遞進(jìn)”的說法有：furthermore，moreover，not only…but also…，in addition等，如：

　　“The psychiatrists felt that‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’

　　and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.

　　Furthermore,they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would

　　give the highest shock of 450 volts.”

　　(劍橋雅思5,Test 1,Reading Passage 2)

　　即便不讀前面的句子，光靠“Furthermore”后面遞進(jìn)的內(nèi)容也可知，精神病學(xué)家預(yù)測：會(huì)執(zhí)行高伏電擊的人是少之又少的。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧4：關(guān)注承上啟下，找關(guān)鍵句

　　承上：以“代詞”或“所以”為開頭的段落首句，一般都是承接或總結(jié)上一段話的內(nèi)容。借助這樣的句子，可以得知上一段話的內(nèi)容。如：

　　“代詞”開頭：

　　“These research findings are exciting.There is growing evidence in New

　　Zealand that…”

　　(劍橋雅思5,Test 3,Reading Passage 1)這是文中較后一段的開頭。

　　從首句的代詞“These”可知，首句是對上一段內(nèi)容的承接，并可知上一段講述的是一些“exciting research findings”。

　　“所以”開頭：

　　“Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable,particularly as

　　the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair.It is not,in principle,

　　necessary for a biological system…”

　　(劍橋雅思8,Test 3,Reading Passage 3)

　　從段落首句的“Thus”可知，首句是對上一段內(nèi)容的承接，而并非本段內(nèi)容的。

　　啟下：“問句”和“量詞+復(fù)數(shù)詞”通常是引出下文，通過它們能了解所在段落或緊隨其后的段落的內(nèi)容。如：

　　“問句”：“What were the actual results?(借此問句可知本段的是“actual results”)Well,

　　over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the

　　450-volt limit in repetitions of the experiment in other countries,the

　　percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher,reaching 85 per cent in

　　one country.How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what

　　calm,rational,knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and

　　what pressured,flustered,but cooperative‘teachers’actually do in the

　　laboratory of real life?

　　(較后的問句揭示，后面段落的內(nèi)容是解釋“this vast discrepancy”的原因)”(劍橋雅思5,Test 1,Reading

　　Passage 2)

　　“量詞+復(fù)數(shù)詞”：“Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief

　　that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this

　　disjunction between perception and reality.”

　　(劍橋雅思5,Test 1,Reading Passage 3)“four

　　factors”告訴我們，接下來的段落中，應(yīng)該是關(guān)于這四種因素的描述。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧5：重視“what”句

　　“what”經(jīng)常用作表目的或具總結(jié)性的句子的開頭，因此，遇到what開頭的句子要多看兩眼，如：

　　“…If the subject was still reluctant to proceed,Milgram said that it was

　　important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through

　　to the end.His final argument was‘you have no other choice.You must go on’.

　　What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would

　　be willing to administer the highest levels of shock,even in the face of strong

　　personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the

　　experiment.”

　　(劍橋雅思5,Test 1,Reading Passage 2)

　　原文中，此段很長，但全部都只是屬于實(shí)驗(yàn)過程的描述。較后才以“what”為開頭的句子，總結(jié)性地道出了實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的，使得此句成為全段。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧6：不看：換句話說

　　“換句話說、也就是說”意味著后面的內(nèi)容與前面一致或是對前面的解釋，因此只用看前面的內(nèi)容即可。

　　常見的表達(dá)有：that is(to say)，i.e.，namely，put another way，in other words等。如：

　　“The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself,but to

　　ensure that such a system is provided.Put another way,basic health-care is now

　　recognized as a‘public good’,rather than a‘private good’that one is expected

　　to buy for oneself.”

　　(劍橋雅思4,Test 4,Reading Passage 3)略掉“Put another way”后面的內(nèi)容，只看前面。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧7：不看：論據(jù)內(nèi)容

　　為了論證觀點(diǎn)，文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)大量出現(xiàn)各式各樣的論據(jù)，但它們并不是文章的。故概覽文章時(shí)，論據(jù)可以先忽略不看。而常見的“論據(jù)”形式有：

　　含“舉例”的句子：for example/instance，e.g.，such as，like等;

　　含“數(shù)據(jù)”的句子：比(，percentage)，描述統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果的數(shù)字;

　　引用名人/言論(直接/間接引語)的句子：特別是“引號(‘’)”中的內(nèi)容;

　　以some，a few，others等表達(dá)“某些”的單詞為開頭的句子。

　　雅思閱讀速讀技巧8：排除標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的干擾

　　冒號(“：”)/一個(gè)破折號(“-”)，引出解釋，看前面。如：

　　“冒號”：

　　“In 1890 he proposed that evolution was irreversible:that‘a(chǎn)n organism is

　　unable to return,even partially,to a previous stage already realized in the

　　ranks of its ancestors’.”

　　(劍橋雅思10,Test 4,Reading Passage 3)

　　“一個(gè)破折號”：

　　“...plyometrics focuses on increasing power–the rate at which an athlete

　　can expend energy.”

　　(劍橋雅思4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1)

　　兩個(gè)破折號/括號：信息插入或解釋，不用看。如：

　　“兩個(gè)破折號”：

　　“For the so-called power events–that require a relatively brief,

　　explosive release of energy,like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump–times

　　and distances have improved ten to twenty per cent.”

　　(劍橋雅思4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1)

　　“括號”：

　　“This is not to say that infants recognize the reflection as their own

　　image(a later development).”

　　(劍橋雅思9,Test 4,Reading Passage 2)

　　看到這里，烤鴨們是否有點(diǎn)感覺了呢?現(xiàn)在，我們就以一個(gè)完整的段落，來演示一下這些信號詞是如何幫助大家節(jié)省閱讀時(shí)間的吧：

　　(劍橋雅思4,Test 4,Reading Passage 1)：

　　Since the early years of the twentieth century,when the International

　　Athletic Federation began keeping records,there has been a steady improvement

　　in how fast athletes run,how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl

　　massive objects,themselves included,through space.For the so-called power

　　events-that require a relatively brief,explosive release of energy,like the

　　100-metre sprint and the long jump-times and distances have improved ten to

　　twenty per cent(數(shù)據(jù)).In the endurance events(具體到某類運(yùn)動(dòng)，類似“某些”的用法)the results have

　　been more dramatic.At the 1908 Olympics.John Hayes of the U.S.team ran a

　　marathon in a time of 2:55:18(數(shù)據(jù)).In 1999,Morocco's Khalid Khannouchi set a

　　new world record of 2:05:42(數(shù)據(jù)),almost thirty per cent(數(shù)據(jù))faster.

　　(雖然段落原本有點(diǎn)長，但借助各類小信號，我們能地把文段刪減一大半，較終只剩下較好句話，那么自然，閱覽的時(shí)間也就跟著縮了一大半。)

　　有了這些信號，我們就能更地掌握各段落大意，了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，不僅讀文章快了，找答案時(shí)也能更有目的性，能避免在與題目不相干的段落里浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，答題準(zhǔn)確率自然也會(huì)有所。那么，這些信號，今天你掌握了嗎?友情提示：“信號”雖然能很大程度上協(xié)助閱讀，但語言本身是靈活的，任何“信號”都只是一個(gè)參考方向，并非時(shí)刻。較重要的，還是要大家多練多積累，自身綜合理解能力。

　　以上就是雅思閱讀速讀技巧分享，大家學(xué)會(huì)了嗎?想要熟練掌握雅思閱讀速讀技能，還需要一定的閱讀的訓(xùn)練，屠鴨尚未，各位考鴨仍需努力。